The world has seen a decrease in lung and related cancer deaths in the top 10 most populous countries from 1990 to 2019. However, this positive trend does not address the ongoing challenges posed by tobacco use, air pollution, and asbestos exposure. Researchers at the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, affiliated with the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, highlighted the need for continued policy measures and research to further reduce deaths related to these risk factors.
A study published in eClinicalMedicine analyzed data on tracheal, bronchial, and lung (TBL) cancer from the Global Burden of Disease database. The findings revealed an 8% overall decrease in TBL cancer deaths over the three-decade period. While tobacco-related deaths have declined, they still account for the majority of cases. At the same time, mortality linked to air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM 2.5), has increased globally. Asbestos exposure remains a critical concern, especially in the United States.
Dr. Gilberto Lopes, the senior author of the study, emphasized the importance of assessing global trends and implementing public health policies to address TBL cancers. Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, underscoring the need for awareness of all risk factors on a global scale.
The study found that tobacco-related TBL cancer deaths decreased from 72% in 1990 to 66% in 2019. However, countries like China and Indonesia are still experiencing rising tobacco-related cancer mortality. The global mortality rate among women has also increased, highlighting the ongoing need for public health measures to reduce tobacco use.
Air pollution now accounts for nearly 20% of global TBL cancer mortality. Although overall deaths linked to air pollution have decreased, deaths specifically associated with PM 2.5 have risen, particularly in China. Dr. Estelamari Rodriguez called for stronger global policies to address this growing threat, emphasizing the need for increased awareness in regions like India where air pollution risks are high.
Asbestos exposure remains a concern, with the U.S. experiencing nearly double the global average of asbestos-related TBL cancer deaths. Despite progress in banning asbestos, there is a need to investigate causes of exposure and implement preventive measures.
The study underscores the importance of continued research to understand the mechanisms driving TBL cancer and how various risk factors contribute to molecular changes in cancer cells. There is a call for revising screening guidelines to encompass all risk factors, not just tobacco exposure, to ensure early detection and treatment.
In conclusion, the study highlights the ongoing challenges posed by tobacco use, air pollution, and asbestos exposure in relation to TBL cancers. Continued research, public health measures, and enhanced screening practices are essential to reduce mortality rates and improve outcomes for patients worldwide.
