Can exercise prevent cancer? February 4 was World Cancer Day, and among the many diverse benefits of a fitness regimen, research has shown that staying active can protect people from colon, lung, breast, prostate and endometrial cancers.
An increasing risk of these cancers is linked to weight gain and obesity. Although in other cancers, exercise may not be seen as preventive, it is definitely shown to improve the risk factors associated with the disease. Physical activity improves immunity and can help in the recovery process.
How exercise benefits cancer patients
Traditionally, cancer patients were advised to rest and limit their movements during treatment or recovery. However, this can lead to further loss of bone and muscle strength, endurance, stamina, and overall mobility, which can delay the recovery process. Restrictive movement can also contribute to depression for patients in remission.
Research has proven that exercise is not only safe for those in treatment, but it also improves mental outlook and quality of life. Some benefits of exercise for cancer patients include:
- Preservation of muscle mass
- Increase in muscular strength and endurance
- Improved balance and coordination
- Reduction in fatigue, nausea, and depression
- Decreased risk of heart disease, osteoporosis, and diabetes
- Walking at a brisk pace for 3 to 5 hours per week can decrease breast cancer relapse by 50%
- Cardio-respiratory fitness can protect against the development and progression of breast cancer
Exercise guidelines for cancer patients
- Get clearance from a doctor before starting an exercise program with a personal trainer
- Begin the program slowly and progress gradually, focusing on duration over intensity
- Intensity should be light-to-moderate based on the individual’s condition
- During remission, higher intensities of workouts can be considered
- Resistance training should include light weights and many repetitions
- Warm-ups and cool-downs are important for maintaining range of motion
- Avoid uneven surfaces or weight-bearing activities for clients with numbness or balance issues
- Avoid exposing skin to chlorine water for those who have undergone radiation or have surgical wounds
- Exercise should be monitored and accompanied by guidance on healthy eating habits
- Avoid exercising without a doctor’s consent if anemic
- Avoid public gyms if white blood cell counts are low or on medication that affects immune system
- Avoid exercise within 2 hours of chemotherapy or radiation
- Watch for symptoms like swollen feet, unexplained weight gain, or shortness of breath and contact a doctor if experienced
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