The skin is the largest organ in the human body, playing a crucial role in protecting us from pathogens, dehydration, and temperature extremes. Skin diseases can be more than just unpleasant—they can pose serious risks to affected individuals. Conditions such as skin cancer, chronic wounds, and autoimmune skin diseases are prevalent, yet the underlying causes and effective treatment methods are not fully understood.
Researchers at Empa are collaborating with clinical partners to develop a human skin model that can simulate skin diseases, providing valuable insights into their mechanisms. This model, part of the Swiss research initiative SKINTEGRITY.CH, aims to replicate the layered and wrinkled structure of human skin using living “artificial skin” containing cells.
To create this complex artificial skin, researchers have made significant progress in developing a hydrogel that is both biocompatible and easy to manufacture. The key ingredient in this hydrogel is gelatin derived from the skin of cold-water fish, such as cod, pollock, and haddock. This fish gelatin can be cross-linked to form a non-swelling hydrogel, suitable for 3D printing with skin cells.
The skin consists of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix, a network of proteins and biomolecules that provides structure and support to the tissue. Hydrogels are ideal for simulating the extracellular matrix of skin, as they can absorb water and other fluids. With 3D printing technology, researchers can precisely arrange skin cells within the hydrogel matrix, mimicking the structure of real skin.
One of the challenges with traditional hydrogels is their tendency to swell significantly upon contact with liquid, distorting the intended shape. However, the fish gelatin-based hydrogel developed by Empa researchers remains stable and non-swelling, making it an ideal material for creating realistic skin models.
Beyond skin disease research, this fish gelatin hydrogel shows promise as a dressing material for wound healing. Its biocompatibility, safety, and customizability make it a valuable tool for treating skin injuries. Additionally, the reduced risk of immune reactions and disease transmission associated with fish gelatin further enhance its potential for medical applications.
Empa researchers have applied for a patent for their fish gelatin-based hydrogel and are working towards completing the development of the living skin model. By sharing their findings with the scientific community, they hope to advance our understanding of skin diseases and improve treatment strategies. The unique properties of the fish gelatin hydrogel present exciting opportunities for future research and innovation in the field of skin regeneration and wound healing.
