The presence of hantavirus in North America has been a concern since a deadly outbreak in the Four Corners in 1993. Deer mice have been known to carry the virus and spread it through their droppings, leading to severe cardiopulmonary symptoms in humans. However, recent research conducted by the University of New Mexico has revealed that more than 30 species of rodents and small mammals endemic to the Southwest also carry the virus, including ground squirrels, chipmunks, gophers, rats, and even house mice.
In a study published in PLOS Pathogens, researchers found genomic material from the sin nombre virus present in a quarter of over 1,500 small mammals collected in New Mexico between 2019 and 2023. The virus was isolated from salivary glands and lung tissue of various species, indicating their potential as vectors for hantavirus transmission to humans.
Despite the widespread presence of the virus in different rodent species, reported human cases of hantavirus in New Mexico remain concentrated in the Four Corners region. Researchers are investigating possible reasons for this geographical discrepancy, including differences in viral genetic sequences, viral transmission efficiency, and viral load in rodents.
Precautions are essential to prevent hantavirus infection, especially when entering enclosed or unventilated spaces where small mammals may be present. Symptoms of hantavirus infection can mimic flu or COVID-19 initially but may progress to severe respiratory distress and exhaustion. Medical treatment focuses on managing symptoms, with some patients requiring ECMO machines for respiratory support.
While there are no specific antiviral drugs for hantavirus, researchers are working on developing monoclonal antibody treatments. The best approach to prevent infection is to avoid exposure to rodent droppings, wear protective gear when cleaning contaminated areas, and ensure proper ventilation.
Unlike SARS-CoV-2, hantavirus is not transmitted between humans and does not survive long in open air or sunlight. While precautions are necessary, the risk of transmission is relatively low, providing some reassurance to the public. Stay informed about the latest research on hantavirus to protect yourself and your loved ones from this potentially deadly virus.
