A recent study conducted by Wake Forest University economist Erik Nesson and published in the Journal of Health Economics sheds light on the effectiveness of Tobacco 21 (T21) laws in reducing smoking among young adults aged 18-20. The study, titled “The effects of tobacco 21 laws on smoking and vaping: Evidence from panel data and biomarkers,” analyzed data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco Use and Health (PATH) study, which collects self-reported survey data and biomarker results to assess tobacco and nicotine exposure.
While survey data indicated that young adults covered by T21 laws reported smoking less, the biomarker results told a different story. Despite the implementation of T21 laws between 2016 and 2019, biomarker tests showed no significant changes in recent exposure to tobacco among 18-20-year-olds. This discrepancy highlights the importance of considering both self-reported survey data and biomarker results when evaluating the impact of tobacco control policies.
The study also revealed potential unintended consequences of tobacco control policies. For example, state bans on flavored vape cartridges may have reduced vaping among youths, but some individuals turned to smoking traditional cigarettes instead. Additionally, bans on flavored tobacco products had minimal effect on LGBTQ youth, who continued to vape at the same frequency despite restrictions.
These findings have significant implications for policymakers, lawmakers, and healthcare providers working to prevent youth smoking and nicotine addiction. Understanding the full impact of tobacco control policies, including potential unintended consequences, is crucial for developing effective strategies to reduce tobacco use among young adults.
Further research is needed to fully assess the effects of T21 laws on smoking habits among 18-20-year-olds. By considering both survey data and biomarker results, policymakers can make more informed decisions to address the complex challenges of tobacco control and public health.
