The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global threat that undermines the effectiveness of treatments for infectious diseases. Mass gatherings, such as major sports events and festivals, present a risk for accelerating the spread of AMR as they bring together people from different regions and countries. To assess this threat, a study led by Changzhi Wang, a Ph.D. student at KAUST, focused on the impact of mass gatherings on the spread of specific antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in wastewater systems.
The research, published in the journal Nature Water, utilized metagenomic analysis to investigate the relative abundance of ARGs, particularly those associated with resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics like metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). The study found that mass gatherings led to an increase in the presence of these ARGs in local wastewater systems, highlighting the potential for introducing new resistance genes to the community.
In contrast, control wastewater treatment plants that did not receive sewage from mass gatherings did not show the same increase in resistant colonies. The researchers also identified a beta-lactamase gene (blaPER) in pathogenic bacteria during peak gathering periods, further emphasizing the impact of mass events on antimicrobial resistance transmission.
The findings underscore the importance of using metagenomics as a surveillance tool to monitor AMR and detect changes in resistance patterns related to mass gatherings. By combining bioinformatic analysis with specific ARGs, researchers can more effectively track the spread of AMR and inform public health strategies for better preparedness and response during mass events.
Dr. Pei-Ying Hong, the lead researcher, highlighted the need for integrating omics-based approaches with traditional monitoring methods to assess and mitigate AMR risks effectively. The study’s insights have significant implications for public health strategies, emphasizing the role of wastewater surveillance in monitoring microbial targets and addressing the risks posed by untreated wastewater and inadequate treatment infrastructure.
Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the impact of mass gatherings on the spread of antimicrobial resistance and underscores the importance of proactive measures to combat this growing threat. By leveraging metagenomic surveillance and advanced analytical techniques, researchers can better understand and address the challenges posed by AMR in the context of large-scale events.
