A sick man sits on a sofa in blankets and holds his stomach.
Norovirus cases are on the rise in the United States, with 455 outbreaks reported since the beginning of September. More than 90 of these outbreaks occurred in the first week of December, marking one of the highest rates reported in any week since records began in 2012.
The actual number of outbreaks is likely much higher, as only 14 states contribute to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s “NoroSTAT” reporting system.
The increase in disease rates is also evident in the rising percentage of positive tests for norovirus, which the CDC utilizes to track the disease’s spread nationwide. The percentage rose sharply from 10.6% in the week ending November 16 to 22.02% in the week ending December 21. High case numbers have also been reported in other countries, including the United Kingdom.
Typically, around 2,500 outbreaks are reported each year in the United States, with the majority occurring between November and March and peaking in February. Experts suggest that the disease may be emerging earlier this year due to increased socialization compared to previous years.
What Is Norovirus?
Also known as “stomach flu,” “stomach bug,” and the “winter vomiting bug,” norovirus is a highly contagious seasonal illness that causes gastrointestinal symptoms. It is responsible for more cases of vomiting, diarrhea, and foodborne illness than any other disease in the country.
Norovirus spreads when small particles of infected feces enter the body through the mouth. It is commonly transmitted through direct contact with an infected person, touching contaminated surfaces (and then touching the mouth), or consuming contaminated food or beverages.
Once inside the body, norovirus targets the gut, where it attaches to sugars called “oligosaccharides” lining the small intestine. This can lead to inflammation in the intestines or stomach, resulting in severe gastrointestinal symptoms.
What Are The Symptoms Of Norovirus?
Norovirus typically causes nausea, stomach pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. It may also present flu-like symptoms such as headaches, fever, and body aches. Despite being referred to as “stomach flu,” norovirus is not caused by the influenza virus.
Vomiting and diarrhea can lead to dehydration rapidly, so individuals with the illness should attempt to stay hydrated by drinking water, even if keeping it down is challenging. Taking small, frequent sips of water may aid in maintaining hydration.
Symptoms usually appear within 12 to 48 hours after exposure to norovirus, according to the CDC. They typically resolve one to three days later, but individuals can still transmit the disease through feces for several days after recovery.
How Can I Protect Myself From Norovirus?
The most effective method to prevent norovirus is through regular, thorough hand-washing, especially after using the restroom, changing diapers, or caring for someone with the illness, and before eating. Avoid touching your face to prevent bringing the virus closer to your mouth.
Keep frequently touched surfaces like doorknobs and countertops clean, and wash clothing and bedding that may be contaminated at a high temperature to eliminate any remaining virus.
It is also essential to wash fruits and vegetables before consumption and ensure shellfish is cooked thoroughly. The CDC advises against consuming raw shellfish like oysters entirely, as it can lead to illness and even death.
